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NUTRITIVE
QUALITIES
The moisture content
of distillers grains being fed is dependent on the geographical area,
type of livestock being fed and economics of drying. Differences in
moisture content can cause actual tonnage estimates to be skewed due
to the extra water weight contained in the product shipped from the
plant. However, in some parts of the Midwest it is not unusual to see
beef feedlots accepting distillers grains at 35-40% dry matter and dairies
to be feeding it at 30% dry matter. This difference in moisture content
of the feedstuff has brought about several new names for distillers
grains that have not been completely dried including the titles wet
distillers grains and modified dry distillers, and some nutritionists
continue to call the high moisture product distillers dried grains.
As starch is removed for conversion to ethanol, fat,
minerals, vitamins, and fiber are present in the spent grains at a higher
proportion. Ethanol production results in a higher concentration of
nutrients present from the corn, as well as synthesis of other nutrients.
The yeast used to ferment the starch contributes positively when added
back to the grains in the form of solubles.
This concentration of protein, fiber, fat, and minerals
enhances the nutrient viability and value of DDGS as a specialty ingredient
in the ration because of lower inclusion rates in the diet. By feeding
a lower inclusion rate feedstuff, more space is left in the ration to
meet the animal’s nutritional requirements without exceeding recommended
daily total dry matter intake.
RESEARCH
FOCUS
Major land-grant
universities have done studies to determine area of best fit within
livestock and poultry rations. Ruminants, poultry, and swine have been
investigated, along with companion animals and aquaculture production.
Dr. Terry Klopfenstein has researched feeding Distillers Grains to beef
feeders at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln while Dr. David Schingoethe
has published numerous articles on his research on feeding Distillers
Grains to dairy cattle at South Dakota State University. The University
of Minnesota and South Dakota State University have published several
trials regarding feeding distillers grains to swine, while research
has been completed on the effects on poultry, with good results.
Ruminants, such as cattle, sheep, and goats have different
capabilities for using a feedstuff, than do monogastrics, such as hogs
and poultry or even horses, which are non-ruminant herbivores. The place
of distillers grains in the ration is typically that of an inexpensive
high fiber protein and energy source, which also has a wide array of
vitamins and minerals. Distillers grains are an excellent source of
linoleic acid, methionine, phosphorous, B vitamins and vitamin E. In
certain diets an alternative source of Lysine is necessary when formulating
with distillers grains, due to the relatively low amino acid profile.
As the ethanol industry expands and dry grind facilities
grow with it, the amount of distillers grains available could triple.
Therefore, it is more important than ever to concentrate on results-oriented
research and sound science to develop information for the livestock
and nutrition industry.
Building a dependable domestic consumer base is the
primary objective of the NCGA coproducts program. NCGA workshops continue
to educate corn's No. 1 customer on the value of this great co-product
of the dry grind ethanol industry.
NUTRITIVE
VALUES OF DISTILLERS GRAINS
*Data listed are intended to represent the ingredients shown. Due to factors that can influence individual
lots, no guaranteed is made that such lots will compare with the analysis in this table.
**All table data are as fed
***ME=Metabolizable Energy
****DP=Digestible Protein
Typical Nutrient
Composition of Coproducts From Corn Dry Milling Fermentation 1,2
| Nutrient
2 |
Unit |
DDGS |
DDG |
CDS 3,4 |
| Dry
Matter |
% |
90 |
90 |
100 |
| Protein |
% |
25 |
27 |
28.5 |
| Fat |
% |
8 |
7.6 |
9 |
| Fiber |
% |
9.1 |
13 |
4 |
| NDF
3 |
% |
44 |
44 |
23 |
| ADF
3 |
% |
18 |
18 |
7 |
| Ash |
% |
5 |
3 |
7.4 |
| Lysine |
% |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
| Methionine |
% |
0.6 |
0.2 |
1.5 |
| Cystine |
% |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
| Arginine |
% |
1.05 |
0.6 |
1 |
| Threonine |
% |
0.93 |
0.82 |
0.98 |
| Valine |
% |
1.63 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
| Isoleucine |
% |
1.52 |
0.93 |
1.2 |
| Tryptophan |
% |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
| Linoleic
Acid |
% |
3.9 |
3.6 |
4.4 |
| By-Pass
Protein3 |
% |
38 |
38 |
n/a |
| TDN3 |
% |
85 |
77 |
74 |
| NE-L3 |
mcal/lb |
0.92 |
0.99 |
0.89 |
| NE-G3 |
mcal/lb |
0.68 |
0.67 |
0.6 |
| NE-M3 |
ncal/lb |
0.99 |
0.89 |
0.85 |
| ME
Swine |
kcal/lb |
1540 |
1005 |
1540 |
| ME
Poultry |
kcal/lb |
1250 |
940 |
1250 |
| DE
Horses |
kcal/lb |
1586 |
n/a |
n/a |
| Starch3 |
% |
3 |
n/a |
n/a |
| NSC3 |
% |
15 |
n/a |
n/a |
| Phosphorus |
% |
0.71 |
0.37 |
1.3 |
| Potassium |
% |
0.44 |
0.16 |
1.75 |
| Calcium |
% |
0.15 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
| Magnesium |
% |
0.18 |
0.07 |
0.65 |
| Sodium |
% |
0.57 |
0.9 |
0.3 |
| Sulfur |
% |
0.33 |
0.43 |
0.37 |
| Iron |
ppm |
223 |
200 |
600 |
| Copper |
ppm |
58 |
44 |
83 |
|
Zinc |
ppm |
89 |
n/a |
n/a |
| Manganese |
ppm |
25 |
n/a |
n/a |
| Cobalt |
ppm |
0.18 |
n/a |
n/a |
1Data provided by Jerry
C. Weigel, ADM, Decatur, Ill.
2Moisture Basis
3DM (Dry Matter) Basis
4Be sure percent to DM is known
Last
reviewed June 2, 2003
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